Peers, Professionalism, and Improvement — Reframing the Quality Question

“As [health economist Jonathan] Kolstad explained, much of the insurance–industrial complex is built on the assumption that profit-seeking physicians will always consume excess resources unless barriers are put in their way. Formularies and prior authorizations, for example, create adversarial relationships between insurers and physicians, who may bristle at having nonphysicians dictate what’s best for their patients. Contributing to this tension is our dependence on randomized, controlled trials to tell us the “right” way to treat any one patient on the basis of average treatment effects in large study populations. The resultant technocratic approach to quality often fails to account for … Read More

Metric Myopia — Trading Away Our Clinical Judgment

Excerpt – The perception that practice variation signals quality deficiencies remains foundational to the pursuit of “high value” care. But if value is defined as quality divided by cost, measuring value faces all the same problems as measuring quality — flawed risk adjustment, metric gaming, omission of the many aspects of quality that defy measurement. So why do we continue to embrace these flawed constructs, particularly when it’s not clear that the current regulatory approach serves patients or clinicians? [president of the Commonwealth Fund David] Blumenthal offers international context: “The French, the Brits, the Swedes — they don’t torture their … Read More

Reassessing Quality Assessment — The Flawed System for Fixing a Flawed System

“Berwick recognized that blaming workers for factors beyond their control quashes goodwill and encourages cheating. This insight accords with a foundational principle of the QI [quality-improvement] movement: most quality lapses reflect a faulty system rather than faulty people. To improve quality, we must fix the system. Some 30 years later, however, the fix is itself a massive system. As reimbursement models shift toward value-based payment, QI is no longer just about being better, but about documenting improvement to maximize payment. An entire industry has arisen to support the optimization and demonstration of performance. Though I could find no authoritative estimate … Read More

Learning from Real-World Implementation of Daily Home-Based Symptom Monitoring in Patients with Cancer

“Routine use of home-based symptom monitoring and management using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) to improve care delivery is on the horizon. Randomized clinical trials demonstrate that use of patient-reported symptoms can have marked impact on patient outcomes, including minimizing symptom burden, enhancing quality of life, reducing hospitalizations, increasing time receiving cancer treatments, and, in some studies, improving survival. [..] few health systems have successfully, fully integrated ePRO. [..] In the study by Daly and colleagues, the authors begin to tackle an important question of frequency of assessment administration in ePRO. This study used daily symptom assessment in contrast to the … Read More

How New England caught the COVID deaths much of the country missed

“The USA TODAY Network in New England and the Documenting COVID-19 project partnered to investigate how New England became a positive data anomaly in terms of COVID death reporting accuracy. Across the region, excess deaths during the pandemic are almost completely accounted for by official COVID deaths, according to our analysis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mortality data and expected death models developed by demographers at Boston University. In other parts of the country, these COVID deaths were missed or certified incorrectly as other causes. [..] Hospitals are a dominant and central data source to capture the pandemic’s … Read More

Trends in Diagnosis Related Groups for Inpatient Admissions and Associated Changes in Payment From 2012 to 2016

“[Introduction] [..] There are a total of 761 Medicare Severity–DRGs [Diagnosis Related Group], which are organized into families (eg, heart failure) with 2 or 3 levels, most commonly with a base Medicare Severity–DRG (hereafter referred to as DRG) and 1 or 2 higher-complexity DRGs. Assignment to these latter DRGs occurs if 1 or more complications or comorbidities (CC) or major complications or comorbidities (MCC) are present. Of importance, hospital payment for DRGs with CCs or MCCs is often substantially greater. For example, payment for DRG 291 (heart failure and shock with MCC) is approximately twice that for DRG 293 (heart … Read More

Bioinformatics, Sequencing Accuracy, and the Credibility of Clinical Genomics

“The adoption of clinical exome and whole-genome sequencing based on next-generation sequencing technologies has increased rapidly over the last decade; this has been accelerated by increasing coverage of these services by private and public insurers. Examples of use include tumor and germline sequencing in patients with cancer, rapid turn-around sequencing of the genomes of critically ill neonates to diagnose mendelian conditions, and noninvasive prenatal testing for reproductive decision-making. The accuracy of sequencing results is of paramount importance to patients, clinicians, and those paying for testing services; inaccuracy can affect not only the tested individual, but their extended biological family. Understanding … Read More

Association Between Surgical Technical Skill and Long-term Survival for Colon Cancer

“Surgeons were recruited from the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative in 2016 for a video-based technical skills assessment program.4 Each surgeon submitted 1 representative video of a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy that they performed. Videos were reviewed by 12 or more surgeons, including 2 colorectal surgeons with video evaluation experience. Skill scores were assigned using the American Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons Video Assessment Tool, and the mean score from all raters was used. Skill score was analyzed separately by terciles and as a continuous variable. Patients who underwent any minimally invasive colectomy for stage I to III epithelial-origin colon … Read More

Evaluation of Risk-Adjusted Home Time After Hospitalization for Heart Failure as a Potential Hospital Performance Metric

“Although the implementation of HRRP [Hospital Readmission Reduction Program] has been associated with significant reductions in readmission rates for HF [heart failure], it remains unclear whether current health policies have contributed to improvement in patients’ overall experience or quality of life. Although there has been an increasing emphasis on use of patient-oriented outcomes in evaluation of therapeutic benefits of newer HF therapies in clinical trials, the role of patient-oriented outcomes in defining hospital-level care quality for patients with HF is limited. [..] we assessed home time after hospitalization for HF through Medicare administrative claims data and its association with currently … Read More

Age and environment-related differences in gait in healthy adults using wearables

“[Abstract] Many traditional assessments of physical function utilized in clinical trials are limited because they are episodic, therefore, cannot capture the day-to-day temporal fluctuations and longitudinal changes in activity that individuals experience. In order to understand the sensitivity of gait speed as a potential endpoint for clinical trials, we investigated the use of digital devices during traditional clinical assessments and in real-world environments in a group of healthy younger (n = 33, 18–40 years) and older (n = 32, 65–85 years) adults. We observed good agreement between gait speed estimated using a lumbar-mounted accelerometer and gold standard system during the performance of traditional gait … Read More